Typically 2–5% of home price. Paid upfront, not financed.
Realtor fees, transfer taxes, staging. ~5–8% typical.
1–2% is the standard rule of thumb. Newer homes run lower.
Historical US average: ~3.5–4%. Local markets vary widely.
For itemizers only. Reduces effective cost of interest paid. Marginal tax rate applied to interest portion of payment.
US average: ~3–5%/yr. Rent-controlled markets: lower.
Typically $120–$250/yr — much less than homeowner's insurance.
S&P 500 historical avg: ~10% nominal, ~7% inflation-adjusted. Use a lower rate for conservative portfolios.
If renting is cheaper month-to-month, invest the difference. If buying is cheaper, renter's portfolio grows more slowly.
All values in today's dollars (nominal) · Investment returns and appreciation are not guaranteed · This is an estimate, not financial advice · Results highly sensitive to appreciation and investment return assumptions